Many wireless sensor‐based applications use LEACH as a preferred routing protocol owing
to its unique features such as optimal sleeping time, minimum packet collisions, dynamic …

Due to the advances in wireless communications and electronics technology, Wireless
Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in many applications such as civil and military …

Cluster-based hierarchical routing protocols play an essential role in decreasing the energy
consumption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A low-energy adaptive clustering …

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a huge number of sensor nodes that are
inadequate in energy, storage and processing power. One of the major tasks of the sensor …

LEACH routing protocol equalizes the energy consumption of the network by randomly
selecting cluster head nodes in a loop, which will lead to the defect of unstable network …

In wireless sensor networks (WSN), routing is quite challenging area of research where
packets are forwarded through multiple nodes to the base station. The packet being sent …

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of a collection of sensor nodes, which are
small energy constrained devices. The efficient use of energy source in a sensor node is …

A large amount of energy in nodes of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is consumed due to
the inner-network communications. In this paper, an energy efficient routing algorithm is …

The performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) faces a number of challenges. Of
these challenges, energy consumption is considered a hot research area. Most WSN energy …

Wireless sensor network (WSN) typically consists of a large number of low cost wireless
sensor nodes which collect and send various messages to a base station (BS). WSN nodes …