Continuous circulation of influenza A (H5N1) virus among poultry in Egypt has created an
epicenter in which the viruses evolve into newer subclades and continue to cause disease …

Egypt is a hotspot for avian influenza virus (AIV) due to the endemicity of H5N1 and H9N2
viruses. AIVs were isolated from 329 samples collected in 2016–2018; 48% were H9N2 …

In Egypt, avian influenza A subtype H5N1 and H9N2 viruses are enzootic in poultry. The
control plan devised by veterinary authorities in Egypt to prevent infections in poultry …

Abstract Background The endemic H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (A/H5N1)
in poultry in Egypt continues to cause heavy losses in poultry and poses a significant threat …

A distinct cluster of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of subtype A (H5N1) has been
found to emerge within clade 2.2. 1.2 in poultry in Egypt since summer 2014 and appears to …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses were first isolated in Bangladesh in
February 2007. Subsequently, clades 2.2. 2, 2.3. 4.2 and 2.3. 2.1 a were identified in …

Clade 2.3. 4.4 H5Nx influenza viruses have further diversified into several subclades. Sub-
clade 2.3. 4.4 b H5N1 viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and detected in …

Bangladesh has reported repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A
(H5) viruses in poultry since 2007. Because of the large number of live poultry markets …

Since November 2008, we have conducted active avian influenza surveillance in
Bangladesh. Clades 2.2. 2, 2.3. 4.2, and 2.3. 2.1 a of highly pathogenic avian influenza …

In 2017, highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) virus was detected in poultry in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo. Whole-genome phylogeny showed the virus clustered …