Human reasoning has been characterized as an interplay between an automatic belief-
based system and a demanding logic-based reasoning system. The present study tested a …

How do reasoners resolve a conflict between two competing responses, one cued by beliefs
and knowledge, and one based upon the problem's underlying logic and structure? The …

In this study, we examine the belief bias effect in syllogistic reasoning under both standard
presentation and in a condition where participants are required to respond within 10 …

When the validity of a deductive conclusion conflicts with its believability people often
respond in a belief-biased manner. This study used response times to test the selective …

Current theories propose that reasoning comprises two underlying systems (Evans & Over,
1996; Sloman, 1996; Stanovich & West, 2000). The systems are identified as having …

Researchers in thinking and reasoning have proposed recently that there are two distinct
cognitive systems underlying reasoning. System 1 is old in evolutionary terms and shared …

Human reasoning has been shown to overly rely on intuitive, heuristic processing instead of
a more demanding analytic inference process. Four experiments tested the central claim of …

Humans, unlike other animals, are equipped with a powerful brain that permits conscious
awareness and reflection. A growing trend in psychological science has questioned the …

The current state of theory in the psychology of reasoning is examined. It is argued that
theories have become highly fragmented partly because different authors have focused their …

Dual process theories conceive human thinking as an interplay between heuristic processes
that operate automatically and analytic processes that demand cognitive effort. The …