Section TS. 1 (Chapter 1) introduces important key concepts, summarizes the characteristics
and interconnection of ocean and cryosphere and highlights their importance in the earth …

It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced
climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This …

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body
for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular …

The Working Group I contribution to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report describes progress
in understanding of the human and natural drivers of climate change, 1 observed climate …

In accordance with a decision taken at its Thirteenth Session (Maldives, 22 and 25-28
September 1997) and other subsequent decisions, the IPCC decided: To include a …

This Working Group I contribution to the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) provides a
comprehensive assessment of the physical science of climate change and continues to …

Abstract The Working Group I contribution to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report describes
progress in understanding of the human and natural drivers of climate change, 1 observed …

This Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 C, an IPCC Special Report on the impacts of
global warming of 1.5 C above preindustrial levels and related global greenhouse gas …

The massive expansion of scientific literature on climate change poses challenges for global
environmental assessments and our understanding of how these assessments work. Big …

The Arctic is undergoing rapid climate change and is projected to experience the most
warming this century of any world region. We review the societal aspects of these current …