The sensing of microbial genetic material by leukocytes often elicits beneficial pro-
inflammatory cytokines, but dysregulated responses can cause severe pathogenesis …

Abstract Phospholipase D3 (PLD3) and PLD4 polymorphisms have been associated with
several important inflammatory diseases. Here, we show that PLD3 and PLD4 digest ssRNA …

The phospholipase D (PLD) family is comprised of enzymes bearing phospholipase activity
towards lipids or endo-and exonuclease activity towards nucleic acids. PLD3 is synthesized …

A function-impairing mutation (feeble) or genomic deletion of SLC15A4 abolishes responses
of nucleic acid–sensing endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) and significantly reduces …

Nucleic acid structures are highly conserved through evolution and when self nucleic acids
are aberrantly detected by toll‐like receptors (TLRs) they contribute to autoimmune disease …

In mammals, 10 TLRs recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns,
resulting in the induction of inflammatory innate immune responses. One of these, TLR9, is …

Toll-like receptors encounter a diversity of degradation products in endosomes. TLR7 and
TLR8 have been shown to be activated by RNA degradation products. Here we show that …

Trafficking and activation of the nucleic acid sensing TLRs is subject to unique regulatory
requirements imposed by the risk of self-recognition. Like all TLRs these receptors traffick …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activate the innate immune system in response to pathogens.
Here we show that TLR9 proteolytic cleavage is a prerequisite for TLR9 signaling. Inhibition …

DNase II digests DNA in endolysosomes. In the absence of DNase II, undigested DNA
activates cytoplasmic DNA-sensing pathways. Little is known, however, about the role of …