Purpose: Despite its enormous successes, the overall response rate of cancer
immunotherapy remains suboptimal, especially in breast cancer. There is an increased …

More than 70% of breast cancers contain lymphocytic infiltration in the stroma, and
preclinical studies suggest that immunoediting and partial control of cancer progression by …

Immunotherapy has emerged as the fifth pillar of cancer treatment alongside surgery,
radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the …

The immune system is active in breast cancer, playing a dual role in tumor progression and
in immune surveillance. Infiltrating immune cells are both prognostic and predictive of …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) activates host's anti-tumor immune response by blocking
negative regulatory immune signals. A series of clinical trials showed that ICI could …

The immune tumour microenvironment has been shown to play a crucial role in the
development and progression of cancer. Expression of gene signatures, reflecting immune …

Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a novel strategy for treating different types of solid
tumors, with promising results. However, still a large fraction of patients do not primarily …

Recent progress in immunobiology has led the way to successful host immunity
enhancement against breast cancer. In triple-negative breast cancer, the combination of …

Recently, the development of immunotherapy through the immune checkpoint blockade led
to long-lasting responses in several types of cancers that are refractory to conventional …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is heterogeneous cancer with poor prognosis among
the other breast tumors. Rapid recurrence and increased progression rate could be reasons …