Background Monitoring of biomarkers, like urea, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and
osteopontin, is very important because they are related to kidney disease, prostate cancer …

The aim of this study was to find out the optimum combination of electroporation (EP) and
reverse iontophoresis (RI) on noninvasive and transdermal determination of blood uric acid …

This study investigated the possibility of simultaneously extracting glucose and lactate from
human subjects, at the same skin location, using transdermal reverse iontophoresis …

Background Cardiovascular and kidney diseases are a global public health problem and
impose a huge economic burden on health care services. Homocysteine, an amino acid, is …

Delivery of hydrophilic molecules through the skin using electroporation is a promising
alternative approach to intradermal injection. Recently, we developed a two-in-one …

The aims of this study were to investigate the most effective combination of physical forces
from laser, electroporation, and reverse iontophoresis for noninvasive transdermal extraction …

Transdermal drug delivery offers a non-invasive route of drug administration, although its
applications are limited by low skin permeability. Various enhancers including …

The aim of the present work was to develop a minimally invasive system for the delivery of
macromolecular drugs to the deep skin tissues, so-called in-skin electroporation (IN-SKIN …

Reverse iontophoresis across the skin has been investigated as alternative, non-invasive
method for clinical and therapeutic drug monitoring. This research investigated the reverse …

In this manuscript, recent advancements in the area of minimally-invasive transdermal
biosensing and drug delivery are reviewed. The administration of therapeutic entities …