Clade 2.2 highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have been in continuous circulation in Egyptian
poultry since 2006. Their persistence caused significant genetic drift that led to the …

Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 has been circulating in the Middle East since the 1990s.
For uncertain reasons, H9N2 was not detected in Egyptian farms until the end of 2010 …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 is endemic in poultry in East and Southeast
Asia with disease outbreaks recently spreading to parts of central Asia, Europe and Africa …

Clade 2.3. 4.4 H5Nx influenza viruses have further diversified into several subclades. Sub-
clade 2.3. 4.4 b H5N1 viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and detected in …

A newly emerged H5N8 influenza virus was isolated from green-winged teal in Egypt during
December 2016. In this study, we provide a detailed characterization of full genomes of …

Despite great efforts to control the infection of poultry with H5N1 viruses, these pathogens
continue to evolve and spread in nature, threatening public health. Elucidating the …

South Asia has experienced regular outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza virus since its first
detection in India and Pakistan in February, 2006. Till 2009, the outbreaks in this region …

In Egypt, the endemicity of avian influenza viruses is a serious concern. Since 2016, several
outbreaks of H5N8 have been recorded among domestic poultry in various areas of the …

The surveillance and virological characterization of H5N8 avian influenza viruses are
important in order to assess their zoonotic potential. The genetic analyses of the Egyptian …

From 2010 to 2013, genotype I avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses of the G1-lineage were
isolated from several poultry species in Egypt. In 2014, novel reassortant H9N2 viruses were …