Automatic conversion of IFC datasets to geometrically and semantically correct CityGML LOD3 buildings

S Donkers, H Ledoux, J Zhao, J Stoter - Transactions in GIS, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
Although the international standard CityGML has five levels of detail (LODs), the vast
majority of available models are the coarse ones (up to LOD2, ie block‐shaped buildings …

Automatic generation of CityGML LoD3 building models from IFC models

S Donkers - 2013 - repository.tudelft.nl
CityGML is a standardized data format used to store the semantic information and
geometries of buildings and other object classes of 3D city models. The Level of Detail of …

Automatically enhancing CityGML LOD2 models with a corresponding indoor geometry

R Boeters, K Arroyo Ohori, F Biljecki… - International journal of …, 2015 - Taylor & Francis
The international standard CityGML defines five levels of detail (LODs) for 3D city models,
but only the highest of these (LOD4) supports modelling the indoor geometry of a building …

A three-step approach of simplifying 3D buildings modeled by CityGML

H Fan, L Meng - International Journal of Geographical Information …, 2012 - Taylor & Francis
CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), the OGC (Open Open Geospatial
Consortium) standard on three-dimensional (3D) city modeling, is widely used in an …

An improved LOD specification for 3D building models

F Biljecki, H Ledoux, J Stoter - Computers, environment and urban systems, 2016 - Elsevier
The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to
differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in …

Towards defining a framework for automatic generation of buildings in CityGML using building Information Models

U Isikdag, S Zlatanova - 3D geo-information sciences, 2009 - Springer
Increased demand for tools that allow merging of Building Information Models with GIS
models is observed in the last several years. Professionals from both domains are looking …

Towards interoperating CityGML and IFC building models: A unified model based approach

M El-Mekawy, A Östman, K Shahzad - Advances in 3D geo-information …, 2010 - Springer
CityGML represents 3D urban objects that can be shared over different applications,
whereas, IFC provides a very detailed semantic model for 3D building representations using …

New concepts for structuring 3D city models–an extended level of detail concept for CityGML buildings

MO Löwner, J Benner, G Gröger, KH Häfele - Computational Science and …, 2013 - Springer
We propose a new Level of Detail (LoD) concept for CityGML buildings that differentiates a
Geometrical Level of Detail (GLoD) and a Semantical Level of Detail (SLoD). These two LoD …

Continuous level-of-detail modeling of buildings in 3D city models

J Döllner, H Buchholz - Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM …, 2005 - dl.acm.org
This paper introduces a concept for representing and modeling buildings in GIS at
continuous levels of quality. Buildings are essential objects of virtual 3D city models, which …

Extending CityGML for IFC-sourced 3D city models

F Biljecki, J Lim, J Crawford, D Moraru… - Automation in …, 2021 - Elsevier
Differences in the scope and intent of the contrasting IFC and CityGML data formats entail
that converting the former to the latter results in loss of information. However, for some use …