Recent decades have seen a rise in the use of physics methods to study different societal
phenomena. This development has been due to physicists venturing outside of their …

Artificial intelligence is becoming seamlessly integrated into our everyday lives, augmenting
our knowledge and capabilities in driving, avoiding traffic, finding friends, choosing the …

Dempster–Shafer evidence theory is widely used in the information fusion field for its
effectivity in representing and handling uncertain information. However, applications of …

Game theory has been extensively applied to help explain how cooperative behaviour is
promoted in human and animal societies. How do humans and animals establish reciprocity …

The epidemic diseases have been threatening to human health, and it is of high importance
to understand the properties of epidemic propagation among the population will help us to …

Despite the accumulation of research on indirect reciprocity over the past 30 years and the
publication of over 100,000 related papers, there are still many issues to be addressed …

How to assess the importance of nodes in the network is an open question. There are many
ways to identify the importance of nodes in complex networks. However, these methods …

How to identify influential nodes in complex networks is an open issue. Several centrality
measures have been proposed to address this. But these studies concentrate only on only …

How to identify influential nodes in complex networks continues to be an open issue. A
number of centrality measures have been presented to address this problem. However …

Understanding large-scale cooperation among unrelated individuals is one of the greatest
challenges of the 21st century. Since human cooperation evolves on social networks, the …