Worldwide, 80% of patients who undergo surgery receive opioid analgesics as the
fundamental agent for pain relief. However, the irrational use of opioids leads to excessive …

Pharmacogenetic research has the potential to explain the variation in treatment efficacy
within patient populations. Understanding the interaction between genetic variation and …

This paper is the thirty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2012 …

Following almost three decades of genetic-based research related to identifying and
characterizing addiction-related Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), a paradigm shift is …

Disrupted sleep is a symptom of many psychiatric disorders, including substance use
disorders. Most drugs of abuse, including opioids, disrupt sleep. However, the extent and …

Background Adequate opioid prescribing is critical for therapeutic success of pain
management. Despite the widespread use of opioids, optimized opioid therapy remains …

Opioids are commonly used for pain management, perioperative procedures, and addiction
treatment. There is a current opioid epidemic in North America that is paralleled by a marked …

Background and Objectives Drug addiction is a serious illness with deleterious functional
and social consequences for both the affected individuals, their families, and society at …

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a significant health problem in the United States and many
other countries. A combination of issues, most notably increased prescription of opioid …

Background: Methadone, a synthetic opioid with longer duration of action and lower abuse
potential compared with morphine, is used to prevent opioid withdrawal, as well as to …