Tests that fail inconsistently, without changes to the code under test, are described as flaky.
Flaky tests do not give a clear indication of the presence of software bugs and thus limit the …

Modern cloud systems are orchestrations of independent and interacting (sub-) systems,
each specializing in important services (eg, data processing, storage, resource …

Library developers can provide classes and methods with underdetermined specifications
that allow flexibility in future implementations. Library users may write code that relies on a …

Flaky tests are tests that yield different outcomes when run on the same version of a
program. This non-deterministic behaviour plagues continuous integration with false signals …

Flaky tests (tests with non-deterministic outcomes) pose a major challenge for software
testing. They are known to cause significant issues, such as reducing the effectiveness and …

Test cases that pass and fail without changes to the code under test are known as flaky. The
past decade has seen increasing research interest in flaky tests, though little attention has …

Flaky tests cause significant problems as they can interrupt automated build processes that
rely on all tests succeeding and undermine the trustworthiness of tests. Numerous causes of …

Flaky tests are tests that yield different outcomes when run on the same version of a
program. This non-deterministic behaviour plagues continuous integration with false signals …

Because they pass or fail without code changes, flaky tests cause serious problems such as
spuriously failing builds and the eroding of developers' trust in tests. Many previous …

Developers always wish to ensure that their latest changes to the code base do not break
existing functionality. If test cases fail, they expect these failures to be connected to the …