Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and
populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of …

The ancient biological'arms race'between microbial pathogens and humans has shaped
genetic variation in modern populations, and this has important implications for the growing …

Abstract To date, SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) has spread to almost every
region of the world, infecting millions and resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of …

Instances in which natural selection maintains genetic variation in a population over millions
of years are thought to be extremely rare. We conducted a genome-wide scan for long-lived …

INTRODUCTION Malaria parasites cause human disease by invading and replicating inside
red blood cells. In the case of Plasmodium falciparum, this can lead to severe forms of …

The high prevalence of sickle haemoglobin in Africa shows that malaria has been a major
force for human evolutionary selection, but surprisingly few other polymorphisms have been …

Acquired immunity in vertebrates maintains polymorphisms in endemic pathogens, leading
to identifiable signatures of balancing selection. To comprehensively survey for genes under …

Our understanding of human evolution has improved rapidly over recent decades, facilitated
by large‐scale cataloguing of genomic variability amongst both modern and archaic …

Signatures of recent positive selection often overlap across human populations, but the
question of how often these overlaps represent a single ancestral event remains unresolved …

All cells in nature are covered with a dense and complex array of glycan chains. Specific
recognition and binding of glycans is a critical aspect of cellular interactions, both within and …