The primary challenges in outlining and arranging the operations of wireless sensor
networks are to enhance energy utilization and the system lifetime. Clustering is a powerful …

In order to gather information more efficiently in terms of energy consumption, wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) are partitioned into clusters. In clustered WSNs, each sensor node …

Data gathering in wireless sensor networks (WSN) consumes more energy due to large
amount of data transmitted. In direct transmission (DT) method, each node has to transmit its …

WSN became a key technology for ubiquitous living and remains an active research due to
wide range of applications. Energy awareness is a critical design issue in WSN. Clustering …

Wireless sensor network comprises billions of nodes that work collaboratively, gather data,
and transmit to the sink.“Energy hole” or “hotspot” problem is a phenomenon in which nodes …

In order to gather information more efficiently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are
partitioned into clusters. The most of the proposed clustering algorithms do not consider the …

This paper introduces IFUC, which is an Improved Fuzzy Unequal Clustering scheme for
large scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It aims to balance the energy consumption …

Over the last several years, various clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks have
been proposed to prolong network lifetime. Most clustering algorithms provide an equal …

This study introduces a new clustering approach which is not only energy-efficient but also
distribution-independent for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Clustering is used as a …

Wireless sensor networks gain ample interest because of their wide range of applications.
Efficient energy consumption of nodes is the prime design issue for these networks …